NREMT Treatment and Transport Flashcards

Question 1

Compression-to-breath ratio, single rescuer

Accepted Answer

30:2 for adults, children and infants when one rescuer is present. With two rescuers, 15:2 for children and infants.

Question 2

Equipment fails in the middle of a call

Accepted Answer

Backup method first, care never pauses. Then request a replacement, tag it out of service, document it.

Question 3

Sign that ventilation pressure is too high

Accepted Answer

A distending abdomen — air is going down the esophagus, and vomiting follows.

Question 4

Chest wounds

Accepted Answer

Sucking wound → occlusive dressing; worsens → lift a corner. Flail → oxygen, ventilate if inadequate.

Question 5

Oxygen devices

Accepted Answer

Nasal cannula 1–6 L/min · nonrebreather 10–15 L/min (bag stays full) · inadequate breathing → BVM.

Question 6

Care already running when you arrive

Accepted Answer

Assess it, do not restart it. Hands overlap — pressure and compressions never come off to do it properly.

Question 7

Handover to an air crew

Accepted Answer

Short, structured, repeated over the noise. Weight and traveling equipment matter as much as vitals.

Question 8

Choking — when to use chest thrusts

Accepted Answer

In late pregnancy or very large patients where abdominal thrusts are not possible, and in infants (back blows and chest thrusts, never abdominal thrusts).

Question 9

Breech delivery: what do you do if the head does not deliver?

Accepted Answer

Never pull. Form a V with gloved fingers to hold the vaginal wall off the baby's face, keep them there, and transport.

Question 10

Worse in the back than in the house

Accepted Answer

Suspect the move first: bleeding restarted, airway shifted, splint moved, exertion. Those you can reverse.

Question 11

Burn care

Accepted Answer

Stop the burning · cool briefly with water (no ice) · dry sterile dressing · keep warm. Dry chemical: brush, then flush.

Question 12

Why ventilating too fast does harm

Accepted Answer

Each breath raises pressure in the chest and cuts the blood returning to the heart. Pressure, not oxygen, is the problem.

Question 13

Why capnography during BVM ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Exhaled CO2 only appears if air reached the alveoli — the fastest objective proof of ventilation.

Question 14

Nasal airway contraindications

Accepted Answer

Suspected basilar skull fracture or significant facial trauma. Size from the nostril to the earlobe; lubricate with water-soluble lubricant.

Question 15

Reassessing when you cannot hear

Accepted Answer

Use what you can see and feel: mental status, work of breathing, skin, and the radial pulse under your fingers.

Question 16

Can a BLS crew take this interfacility transfer?

Accepted Answer

Only if everything the patient could need on the journey stays inside the crew's scope.

Question 17

A urinary catheter during the move

Accepted Answer

Bag stays below the bladder and off the floor. Never clamp it, never break the closed system.

Question 18

When doing less is the treatment

Accepted Answer

Watchfulness, readiness and a moving ambulance. An intervention with no indication adds risk and buys nothing.

Question 19

Two errors, two harms

Accepted Answer

Too fast = pressure builds, venous return falls. Too big = gas into the stomach. Fixing one does nothing for the other.

Question 20

A treatment that did not work

Accepted Answer

Record it exactly as given, the response, what you did next and when. Care that failed is still care.

Question 21

Tourniquet — how to know it is tight enough

Accepted Answer

Bleeding stops and the distal pulse is gone. Note the time applied and do not loosen it in the field.

Question 22

Naloxone and cardiac arrest

Accepted Answer

No pulse = CPR now. Naloxone never delays compressions — it does not restart a heart.

Question 23

AED: water on the chest, or a medication patch

Accepted Answer

Move off the wet surface and dry the chest; peel the patch and wipe the skin. Then shock.

Question 24

It worked — now hold it

Accepted Answer

Repeat a treatment because the finding is still there, not because the first one helped. Maintain, reassess, do not re-dose.

Question 25

Last check before the lift

Accepted Answer

Airway positioned, dressings holding, splints secure, oxygen connected, lines routed, arms inside the straps.

Question 26

Naloxone — the two cautions

Accepted Answer

Ventilate first; naloxone must not delay breaths. It may wear off before the opioid does.

Question 27

The airway during a transfer

Accepted Answer

Held throughout — never reopened afterward. The transfer is when the head flexes and nobody is watching.

Question 28

Who calls the move

Accepted Answer

The provider at the head. They hold the airway, they see the face, and they are the one who can stop it.

Question 29

Partial refusal

Accepted Answer

Give what they accept, keep offering the rest, leave the door open. One declined treatment does not end the relationship.

Question 30

Consent is asked for each time

Accepted Answer

Agreement to the splint is not agreement to the mask. Offer, explain, ask — for every separate treatment.

Question 31

Before an entrapped patient is released

Accepted Answer

Airway, oxygen, reachable bleeding, warmth and reassurance happen inside the wreck — not after it.

Question 32

Suctioning time limit (adult)

Accepted Answer

No more than 15 seconds per attempt in adults, less in children and infants. Oxygenate between attempts; suction on the way out.

Question 33

Is this treatment worth the delay it causes?

Accepted Answer

Weigh the harm prevented against the minutes spent. Kit already open is not a clinical reason.

Question 34

After the shock

Accepted Answer

Compressions immediately for 2 minutes — no pulse check, no re-analysis.

Question 35

Restraint and positional asphyxia

Accepted Answer

Never face-down, never limbs behind the back. Monitor breathing throughout and never leave them alone.

Question 36

A leaking seal is a hand problem

Accepted Answer

Lift the face UP into the mask; never press the mask down onto the face. Squeezing harder just inflates the stomach.

Question 37

Pain out of proportion under a splint

Accepted Answer

Worse pain plus pain on stretching the fingers or toes = pressure building. Loosen it and report it.

Question 38

How long implied consent lasts

Accepted Answer

Only while the patient cannot decide. The moment capacity comes back, the decisions are theirs again.

Question 39

A valid do-not-resuscitate order

Accepted Answer

It refuses resuscitation, not care. Positioning, suction, oxygen, warmth and presence all continue.

Question 40

Tourniquet

Accepted Answer

2–3 in above the wound, not over a joint · tighten until bleeding stops · second one above if needed · record the time · never loosen.

Question 41

Traction splint: when is it contraindicated?

Accepted Answer

When the hip, pelvis, knee or ankle is also injured, or with a partial amputation. It is for an isolated mid-thigh fracture.

Question 42

While someone is actively convulsing

Accepted Answer

Clear the space, pad the head, time it. Never restrain the limbs, never put anything in the mouth.

Question 43

Aspirin for suspected cardiac chest pain: how is it given, and when withheld?

Accepted Answer

Chewed, not swallowed whole. Withhold for allergy, recent GI bleeding, or inability to chew and swallow safely.

Question 44

They got better, and now refuse transport

Accepted Answer

Capacity may have returned. Test understanding, explain what may happen, involve medical direction.

Question 45

A knocked-out permanent tooth

Accepted Answer

Hold it by the crown, never the root. Keep it moist, and it travels with the patient.

Question 46

When to stop the vehicle

Accepted Answer

Only for what truly cannot be done moving — both hands and a still surface. Every stop delays definitive care.

Question 47

Frostbite — the rewarming trap

Accepted Answer

Do not rewarm if the tissue can refreeze before arrival. Refreezing destroys far more than staying frozen.

Question 48

CPAP

Accepted Answer

Awake, breathing, protecting the airway, in distress (CHF/COPD). Not if: can't protect airway, pneumothorax, vomiting, hypotension.

Question 49

Impaled object

Accepted Answer

Stabilize in place — it may be tamponading the vessel it cut. Exception: an object obstructing the airway.

Question 50

The smell of alcohol is not a capacity test

Accepted Answer

Impairment is found in what the patient understands, not in what you smell. Talk to them and find out.

Question 51

What packaging actually means

Accepted Answer

Not just straps and a blanket — everything that keeps an airway, a dressing and a splint working through the move.

Question 52

The last lift of the call

Accepted Answer

Onto their bed is still a transfer: head end counts it, ventilation continues, their oxygen on before yours off.

Question 53

Nasal cannula vs nonrebreather — flow

Accepted Answer

Nasal cannula about 1 to 6 L/min for low to moderate oxygen. Nonrebreather 10 to 15 L/min with the reservoir bag inflated before placing.

Question 54

Lifting without injuring yourself

Accepted Answer

Load close to the body, lift with the legs, back in line, never twist under load. Call for hands early.

Question 55

Oxygen has a target

Accepted Answer

Give for a reason, look for the response, step it down when it holds. The step-down is itself the test of whether it is needed.

Question 56

First step for heavy bleeding with a soft uterus after the placenta delivers?

Accepted Answer

Fundal massage, then breastfeeding if possible, a pad over the opening (no packing), and shock care.

Question 57

After a traction splint goes on

Accepted Answer

Recheck pulse, movement and sensation. Slack traction plus returning pain = restore it and recheck.

Question 58

Ambulatory patient needing SMR

Accepted Answer

Collar, then let the patient sit on the stretcher and lie back — no standing takedown or log roll.

Question 59

Assisted nitroglycerin: three checks before it goes under the tongue?

Accepted Answer

Patient's own prescription (name and expiration), no recent erectile-dysfunction medication, and blood pressure above your system's minimum.

Question 60

An alert adult refuses the oxygen mask

Accepted Answer

Explain it, offer a cannula or blow-by, and accept a continued refusal. A competent adult may say no.

Question 61

Repeating a treatment vs being stubborn

Accepted Answer

A repeat counts only if you changed something. Two failures mean the plan changes, not the effort.

Question 62

A change in how an adjunct is tolerated

Accepted Answer

Gagging on one that was accepted = waking up. Accepting one they fought = getting worse. Both are neurological news.

Question 63

Oral glucose: what must be true before you give it?

Accepted Answer

The patient is awake, can follow commands and can swallow. Give between cheek and gum; reassess mental status.

Question 64

Sizing an oral airway

Accepted Answer

Corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw. Nose to earlobe is the NASAL airway, not this one.

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